Burner.



UNITED sTATEs PATENT LEE S. CHADWIGK, OF EAST CLEVELAND, OHIO,ASSIGNOIR. TO THECLEELAND METAL oEEIoEs u PRODUCTS coM'PANY, orCLEVELAND, OHIO, A'COEPOBATIDN 0F oHIo.

BURNER. y 1,247,792, specification of Letters raient. Patented Nov. 27,191'?.4

Application led November l, 1915. Serial No. 58,949

To att fw/Lom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, LEE S. CHAnwrcx, a ctizenof the United States,residing at East Cleveland., in the county `of Cuyahoga and State ofChio, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Burners, ofwhich thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description, referencebeing had tothe accom panyipg drawings,

Thisl invention relates to .that class vof hydrocarbon burners involvingwhat are known as commingling tubes that are arranged one within theother and between which gas rises from the burner proper 4and is burned,the tubes being perforated fr the purpose of supplying oxygen requiredto promote proper combustion.

For obvious practical reasons, such as convenience and cheapness ofmanufacture, and because of its inherent tensile strength, steel hasbeen found the most desirable `material from which to make thecommingling tubes.

It s acknowledged, however, by all famil r with this type of burner thatthe commingling tubes, especially the inner one, are very short lived.lAfter a comparatively brief time. as a season to two of ordinary use,the tubes become distorted and brittle and actually collapse, while theremainder of the burner remains in practically perfect condition. It hasbeen generally supposed that, by reason of the intensity of the heatunder which they are required to operate, the tubes have naturallybecome burned out. This difficulty has been experienced for years, andswfar as I am aware, no remedy has been suggested.

*It is the object of my invention to obviatc this diiiiculty in asimpleand inexpensive manner and thus greatly increase the life of burners oithis kind. vIn order that the real nature of the invention may be morereadily understood und appreciated, I will first 'explain the causes ofthe so-called burning out ci the commingling tubes, and follow with adisclosure of how, by the exercise of my invention, the diieulty isovercome.

Considering the constituents `of the hydrocarbons 'employed in burnersof this character, and the physical characteristics aiiinity for carbon.

of the burner'itself, it will be seen that a monoxid gas is producedbetween the commingling tubes, that is very rich in carbon. In theoperation of the burner, the tubes (especially the inner one, for it hasnot the `cooling influence of surrounding low temperature air, as hasthe outer tube) are heated to a very high degree, approximately 1000o to12000 F. We have, therefore, a situation analogous to that involved inthe process of case-hardening steel, to-

wit, steel heated to a high temperature .in the presence of carbon. Atcertain 'Jmperatures, iron in, steel Ahas a very sirong When thecommingling tubes acquire a given degree of heat,

therefore, the iron in the tubes calls for carbon, the powerof\attraction increasing with the :increase in temperature.` The carlbon'in the gas that is between thetubes promptly responds to the calland in a comparatively short time the steel becomes so heavily. chargedwith carbon that it has less strength than ordinary cast iron In fact,the steel becomes so overcharged with carbon that it has very littlemore strength out of the tubes,

:'indconveniently applied to the tubes by i the wellknown .electro-plating process. Experiments have proven that comminglin tubes so platedpossess more than doubled' the life of the plain steel tubes. Othermaterials than copper, which are practically unaffected by heat and areimpervious to carbon, may be used in lieu of copper, and applied incumstances. Therefore, my invention is not limited to the employment ofany particular material' for the coating of the tubes,

any manner suitable to the cir- A nor .to the method of applyingit, solong as the protective coating 1s eifectual 1n excluding carbon.

A practical application offlnyinvention 'is illustrated iu theaccompanying drawing, vvlierein-e Figure 1 represents a sectional sideelevai' tion of a hydrocarbon burner involving my ais gling t-u es..tion device, 1n any' suitable manner. as by invention; and

Fig. 2 is a hightly magnifiedfragmentary section through one of thecommmgling tubes.

The drawing shows an ordinary burner of,

the class above discussed, thesanie comprising inner and outer wicktubes 1 and 2., re spectively, between which is confined the wick 3, thespace between tliewvick tubes being supplied with liquid i'uel throughany suitable means. 'This form of combustion device is selected merelyfor illustrative purposes, and the same may be displaced by any approvedform, wick or wickless, that will pro erly coperateivith the comminSupported above the combus having their lower ends resting upon the re;spective flanges 5 end (i ot the inner and outer Wick tubes, are the,inner commingling tube 10, and the outer coimninglingtube 11. Thesetubes are shown ,as held together by rods 12 which cross each othersubstantially at right angles and at the center of the tubes and passthrough the tubes, the pro truding ends. of the rods serving to sustainthe drum 13 which Asurrounds'the commingling tubes.

It is vapparent from the illustration that air, passing freely upthrough the drinn about the 4outside of the outer coinininglin'g tube,will serve to keep the temperature of this tube-much below' that of theinner one. In practice, this tube hardly reaches a temperaturesufficiently high to cause it to ab sorb carbon and therefore thecoating of the outer tube may be dispensed with without serionsconsequences. However, I have shown both the inner and o utercommingling 4tubes as coated with a substance impervious to carbon, thesame being designated A in the drawings and illustrated in Fig. 1 byheavy,

solid lines, and in Fig; 2 by a stippled area.

It will be understood, of course, that the protective coating is appliedto the comminglihg tubes after they have been perforated, so that thesubstance of the protective coating may effectually protect everyportion of the steel. of the tube.

Hai/in thus described my invention, what I claim 1. A coxnmingling tubefor-burners of the character set forth, said tube being coated ywith asubstance preventing impregnation Yby carbon at high temperatures andthe consequent destruction of the tube.

2.. A commngling tube for burners of the character. set forth, said tubebeing coated with a substance impervious to impregna tion by carboninonoxid at high'temperatures, thereby preventing the destruction of thetube. l

3. A cominingling tube for burners of the character set forth, said tubebeing formed of steel, and' copper plated for the purpose of preventingthe impregnation of said tube by carbon athigh ,temperatures and theco11- sequent destruction of said tube.

4. A commingling tube for burners of the. character set forth, saidtube-being formed of steel, andcoated With a substance imper vious tocarbon at high temperaturesfor the purpose of preventlng the destructionof said tube.

5. -A commingling tube for burners of the character set forth, said tubebeing formed of a material comprising iron and coated with anelectro-deposited substance preventing the impregnation of the tubebycarb'on at high temperatures and the consequent destruction of saidtube.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto aiX my signature in the presence of twoWitnesses.

LEE s.- CHADWICK. Vit-messes:

W. E. SHEPPARD, .BRENNAN B. WEST.'

